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In analogy to natural language, where a noun phrase refers to an object and a whole sentence refers to a fact, in mathematical logic, a term denotes a mathematical object and a formula denotes a mathematical fact. In particular, terms appear as components of a formula. A first-order term is recursively constructed from constant symbols, variables and function symbols. An expression formed by applying a predicate symbol to an appropriate number of terms is called an atomic formula, which evaluates to true or false in bivalent logics, given an interpretation. For example, (''x''+1) *(''x''+1) is a term built from the constant 1, the variable ''x'', and the binary function symbols + and *; it is part of the atomic formula (''x''+1) *(''x''+1) ≥ 0 which evaluates to true for each real-numbered value of ''x''. Besides in logic, terms play important roles in universal algebra, and rewriting systems. ==Elementary mathematics== In the context of polynomials, sometimes ''term'' is used for a monomial with a coefficient: to 'collect like terms' in a polynomial is the operation of making it a linear combination of distinct monomials. Terms, in this sense, are things that are added or subtracted. A series is often represented as the sum of a sequence of terms. Individual factors in an expression representing a product are multiplicative terms. For example, in 6 + 3''x'' − 2, 6, 3''x'', and −2 are all terms. In elementary mathematics, * each argument term of the addition operator + is called an ''addend'', * the first and second argument term of the subtraction operator - is called a ''minuend'' and ''subtrahend'', respectively, * each argument term of the multiplication operator ⋅ is called a ''factor'', the first and second argument term is also called ''multiplicand'' and ''multiplier'', respectively, * the first and second argument term of the division operator / is called ''dividend'' and ''divisor'', respectively, * if the division operator is written as fraction bar, the top and bottom terms are called ''numerator'' and ''denominator'', respectively. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Term (logic)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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